🔆 Key Takeaways: Unseasonal Weather and Urban Flooding Crisis
✅ Unseasonal Weather Patterns:
• Early monsoon in Kerala and Maharashtra, with Mumbai receiving rains 16 days ahead of schedule — earliest in 75 years.
• Reflects growing trend of unpredictable weather events.
✅ Urban Flooding and Infrastructure Stress:
• Mumbai recorded its wettest May in 107 years, disrupting transport and infrastructure.
• Disruptions worsened by unanticipated downpours and incomplete pre-monsoon desilting.
✅ Drainage Infrastructure Deficiencies:
• Despite post-2005 flood initiatives (widened drains, pumping stations), BRIMSTOWAD project remains incomplete.
• Colonial-era drainage designed for 25 mm/hour rainfall is inadequate for current extreme rains.
✅ Encroachment and Mismanagement of Water Bodies:
• River catchments like Mithi encroached by real estate, reducing flood absorption.
• Garbage dumping further weakens water bodies’ capacity.
✅ Pan-India Implications:
• Cities like Bengaluru and Delhi face similar drainage, infrastructure, and encroachment issues.
• Delhi recorded 9x normal May rainfall without matching drainage upgrades.
✅ Governance and Urban Planning Failures:
• Crisis highlights failure despite wealth of cities.
• Urgent need to incorporate climate adaptation and weather management in urban planning.
✅ Unseasonal Weather Patterns:
• Early monsoon in Kerala and Maharashtra, with Mumbai receiving rains 16 days ahead of schedule — earliest in 75 years.
• Reflects growing trend of unpredictable weather events.
✅ Urban Flooding and Infrastructure Stress:
• Mumbai recorded its wettest May in 107 years, disrupting transport and infrastructure.
• Disruptions worsened by unanticipated downpours and incomplete pre-monsoon desilting.
✅ Drainage Infrastructure Deficiencies:
• Despite post-2005 flood initiatives (widened drains, pumping stations), BRIMSTOWAD project remains incomplete.
• Colonial-era drainage designed for 25 mm/hour rainfall is inadequate for current extreme rains.
✅ Encroachment and Mismanagement of Water Bodies:
• River catchments like Mithi encroached by real estate, reducing flood absorption.
• Garbage dumping further weakens water bodies’ capacity.
✅ Pan-India Implications:
• Cities like Bengaluru and Delhi face similar drainage, infrastructure, and encroachment issues.
• Delhi recorded 9x normal May rainfall without matching drainage upgrades.
✅ Governance and Urban Planning Failures:
• Crisis highlights failure despite wealth of cities.
• Urgent need to incorporate climate adaptation and weather management in urban planning.
🔆 Development of Vernacular Education
📍 1835, 1836, 1838:
✅ William Adam’s reports on vernacular education in Bengal and Bihar highlighted defects in the system.
📍 1843-53:
✅ James Jonathan’s experiments in North West Provinces (UP), focusing on opening government schools for vernacular education and normal schools for teacher training.
📍 1853:
✅ In a famous minute, Lord Dalhousie expressed strong support for vernacular education.
📍 1854:
✅ Wood’s Despatch outlined provisions for vernacular education:
1. Improvement of standards
2. Supervision by government agencies
3. Normal schools to train teachers
📍 1854-71:
✅ The government focused on secondary vernacular education, leading to an increase in vernacular schools by more than five-fold.
📍 1882:
✅ The Hunter Commission recommended state efforts to improve vernacular education and mass education to be taught through vernaculars.
📍 1904:
✅ Education policy focused on vernacular education, providing increased grants for it.
📍 1929:
✅ Hartog Committee gave a gloomy view of primary education.
📍 1937:
✅ Congress ministries encouraged the growth of vernacular schools.
📍 Development of Technical Education:
✅ Engineering Colleges:
- Roorkee College (1847)
- Calcutta College of Engineering (1856)
- Poona College of Engineering affiliated to Bombay University.
✅ Medical Training:
- Medical College in Calcutta (1835).
- Lord Curzon worked to broaden agriculture, medicine, engineering, and other professional education through institutions like Pusa Agricultural College.
#history
Join @PIB_UPSC
@UPSC_4_HISTORY
📍 1835, 1836, 1838:
✅ William Adam’s reports on vernacular education in Bengal and Bihar highlighted defects in the system.
📍 1843-53:
✅ James Jonathan’s experiments in North West Provinces (UP), focusing on opening government schools for vernacular education and normal schools for teacher training.
📍 1853:
✅ In a famous minute, Lord Dalhousie expressed strong support for vernacular education.
📍 1854:
✅ Wood’s Despatch outlined provisions for vernacular education:
1. Improvement of standards
2. Supervision by government agencies
3. Normal schools to train teachers
📍 1854-71:
✅ The government focused on secondary vernacular education, leading to an increase in vernacular schools by more than five-fold.
📍 1882:
✅ The Hunter Commission recommended state efforts to improve vernacular education and mass education to be taught through vernaculars.
📍 1904:
✅ Education policy focused on vernacular education, providing increased grants for it.
📍 1929:
✅ Hartog Committee gave a gloomy view of primary education.
📍 1937:
✅ Congress ministries encouraged the growth of vernacular schools.
📍 Development of Technical Education:
✅ Engineering Colleges:
- Roorkee College (1847)
- Calcutta College of Engineering (1856)
- Poona College of Engineering affiliated to Bombay University.
✅ Medical Training:
- Medical College in Calcutta (1835).
- Lord Curzon worked to broaden agriculture, medicine, engineering, and other professional education through institutions like Pusa Agricultural College.
#history
Join @PIB_UPSC
@UPSC_4_HISTORY
#Goodmorning
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🔆 Important Lakes of Europe
📍 Lake Ladoga
✅ Country: Russia
✅ Type: Glacial
📍 Lake Onega
✅ Country: Russia
✅ Type: Glacial
📍 Lake Constance
✅ Countries: Germany, Austria, Switzerland
✅ Type: Glacial
📍 Lake Como
✅ Country: Italy
✅ Type: Glacial
📍 Lake Skadar
✅ Countries: Montenegro, Albania
✅ Type: Karst (in a Karst Depression)
#mapping
📍 Lake Ladoga
✅ Country: Russia
✅ Type: Glacial
📍 Lake Onega
✅ Country: Russia
✅ Type: Glacial
📍 Lake Constance
✅ Countries: Germany, Austria, Switzerland
✅ Type: Glacial
📍 Lake Como
✅ Country: Italy
✅ Type: Glacial
📍 Lake Skadar
✅ Countries: Montenegro, Albania
✅ Type: Karst (in a Karst Depression)
#mapping
Fraternity:
✅ Fraternity means a sense of common brotherhood of all Indians — if Indians being one people.
✅ It is the principle which gives unity and solidarity to social life.
🔸 Example: In ‘AIIMS Students’ Union V. AIIMS’, the court observed that the Preamble to the Constitution of India secures as one of its objects “fraternities” assuring the dignity of the individual and the unity and integrity of the nation to “we the people of India”.
✅ Fraternity means a sense of common brotherhood of all Indians — if Indians being one people.
✅ It is the principle which gives unity and solidarity to social life.
🔸 Example: In ‘AIIMS Students’ Union V. AIIMS’, the court observed that the Preamble to the Constitution of India secures as one of its objects “fraternities” assuring the dignity of the individual and the unity and integrity of the nation to “we the people of India”.
🔆Self-respect marriages
✅The Supreme Court observed that there is no blanket ban on advocates solemnising “self-respect” marriages under Section 7(A) of the Hindu Marriage Act, 1955.
✅ In 1968, the Hindu Marriage (Tamil Nadu Amendment) Act, 1967, received the President’s approval and became the law.
✅ This amendment modified the Hindu Marriage Act of 1955, by inserting Section 7-A into it.
✅ However, it extended only to the state of Tamil Nadu.
✅ Section 7-A deals with the special provision on “self-respect and secular marriages”.
✅ It legally recognises any marriage between any two Hindus, which can be referred to as “suyamariyathai” or “seerthiruththa marriage” or by any other name.
✅ Such marriages are solemnised in the presence of relatives, friends, or other persons, with parties declaring each other to be husband or wife, in a language understood by them.
✅ Such marriages are also required to be registered as per the law.
▪️Aim:
✅To radically simplify weddings by shunning the need for mandatory Brahmin priests, holy fire and saptapadi (seven steps).
✅ This allowed marriages to be declared in the presence of the couple’s friends or family or any other persons.
✅ The amendment was made to do away with the need for priests and rituals, which were otherwise required to complete wedding ceremonies.
#gs1
#society
#mains
Join @CSE_EXAM
@upsc_society_gs
✅The Supreme Court observed that there is no blanket ban on advocates solemnising “self-respect” marriages under Section 7(A) of the Hindu Marriage Act, 1955.
✅ In 1968, the Hindu Marriage (Tamil Nadu Amendment) Act, 1967, received the President’s approval and became the law.
✅ This amendment modified the Hindu Marriage Act of 1955, by inserting Section 7-A into it.
✅ However, it extended only to the state of Tamil Nadu.
✅ Section 7-A deals with the special provision on “self-respect and secular marriages”.
✅ It legally recognises any marriage between any two Hindus, which can be referred to as “suyamariyathai” or “seerthiruththa marriage” or by any other name.
✅ Such marriages are solemnised in the presence of relatives, friends, or other persons, with parties declaring each other to be husband or wife, in a language understood by them.
✅ Such marriages are also required to be registered as per the law.
▪️Aim:
✅To radically simplify weddings by shunning the need for mandatory Brahmin priests, holy fire and saptapadi (seven steps).
✅ This allowed marriages to be declared in the presence of the couple’s friends or family or any other persons.
✅ The amendment was made to do away with the need for priests and rituals, which were otherwise required to complete wedding ceremonies.
#gs1
#society
#mains
Join @CSE_EXAM
@upsc_society_gs
🔆 Key Takeaways: Operation Sindoor & Modern Warfare
📍 Operation Sindoor and Modern Warfare
✅ Marks a paradigm shift in India’s military engagement, reflecting global trends
✅ Goes beyond bilateral conflicts; shows how technology, strategy, and information manipulation reshape warfare
📍 Drone Warfare and Asymmetric Technology
✅ Use of unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) marks shift from traditional air combat
✅ Emphasizes swarms of inexpensive, expendable drones over costly standalone platforms
📍 India’s Drone Defence Capabilities
✅ Intercepted 300-400 Turkish-made Songar drones at 36 locations
✅ Use of SkyStriker Kamikaze drones enabled intelligence gathering and precision strikes with minimal risk
📍 Emergence of Integrated Air Defence Systems
✅ Multi-layered systems like Akashteer, QRSAM embody a layered defence approach
✅ Akashteer system digitally merges radar info for real-time decisions
✅ Focus shifts from individual missiles to an adaptive, smart defence network
📍 Information Warfare and Strategic Narratives
✅ Information as a key domain for disinformation, psychological operations, perception management
✅ Use of doctored videos, fabricated claims, social media content for psychological warfare
✅ Control over narratives and strategic ambiguity now as crucial as military power
✅ Shift from kinetic warfare to nuanced perception-based conflict
📍 Shift in India’s Military Doctrine
✅ Quick, measured responses to provocations
✅ Development of layered defence and offence combining indigenous and imported tech
✅ Advanced escalation control enabling precise power projection without all-out war
📍 Technological Indigenisation and Strategic Projects
✅ Indigenous programs like Akash missile system and Project Kusha reflect self-reliance
✅ Mirrors broader trends in military modernization and tech self-sufficiency
📍 Transformation in Force Coordination
✅ Systems like Integrated Air Command and Control System (IACCS) and Theatre Commands improve coordination
✅ Democratisation of warfare tech poses both challenges and opportunities
✅ Calls for overhaul of strategy, intelligence, and defence planning
✅ Warfare today is multi-dimensional — victory depends on combining technological, informational, and psychological methods
#security
📍 Operation Sindoor and Modern Warfare
✅ Marks a paradigm shift in India’s military engagement, reflecting global trends
✅ Goes beyond bilateral conflicts; shows how technology, strategy, and information manipulation reshape warfare
📍 Drone Warfare and Asymmetric Technology
✅ Use of unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) marks shift from traditional air combat
✅ Emphasizes swarms of inexpensive, expendable drones over costly standalone platforms
📍 India’s Drone Defence Capabilities
✅ Intercepted 300-400 Turkish-made Songar drones at 36 locations
✅ Use of SkyStriker Kamikaze drones enabled intelligence gathering and precision strikes with minimal risk
📍 Emergence of Integrated Air Defence Systems
✅ Multi-layered systems like Akashteer, QRSAM embody a layered defence approach
✅ Akashteer system digitally merges radar info for real-time decisions
✅ Focus shifts from individual missiles to an adaptive, smart defence network
📍 Information Warfare and Strategic Narratives
✅ Information as a key domain for disinformation, psychological operations, perception management
✅ Use of doctored videos, fabricated claims, social media content for psychological warfare
✅ Control over narratives and strategic ambiguity now as crucial as military power
✅ Shift from kinetic warfare to nuanced perception-based conflict
📍 Shift in India’s Military Doctrine
✅ Quick, measured responses to provocations
✅ Development of layered defence and offence combining indigenous and imported tech
✅ Advanced escalation control enabling precise power projection without all-out war
📍 Technological Indigenisation and Strategic Projects
✅ Indigenous programs like Akash missile system and Project Kusha reflect self-reliance
✅ Mirrors broader trends in military modernization and tech self-sufficiency
📍 Transformation in Force Coordination
✅ Systems like Integrated Air Command and Control System (IACCS) and Theatre Commands improve coordination
✅ Democratisation of warfare tech poses both challenges and opportunities
✅ Calls for overhaul of strategy, intelligence, and defence planning
✅ Warfare today is multi-dimensional — victory depends on combining technological, informational, and psychological methods
#security
#Goodmorning
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Forwarded from Upsc essay toppers
ESSAY_250301_120000 (1).pdf
82.4 MB
Nandanaa G P AIR47 UPSC'24
Forwarded from Upsc essay toppers
🔆 Women’s Organizations
📍 The Ladies Society in Calcutta
- Year: 1882
- Founder: Swarnakumari Devi (sister of Rabindranath Tagore)
- Focus Area: Educating and imparting livelihood skills to widows.
- Activities & Achievements:
✅ She was the editor of the women's journal *Bharati* making her the first Indian woman editor.
✅ Educated widows and empowered them through skill development.
📍 Arya Mahila Samaj (Pune)
- Year: 1882
- Founder: Ramabai Saraswati
- Focus Area: Welfare & social work.
- Activities & Achievements:
✅ Provided education to women and fought against child marriage.
✅ Opened Sharada Sadan in Mumbai in 1889 for the education of child widows.
📍 Young Women’s Christian Association
- Year: 1896
- Founder: Ms. Alice M. Bethune
- Focus Area: Education, welfare, moral development.
- Activities & Achievements:
✅ Helped young Christian women.
✅ Taught them good values and leadership skills.
📍 Bengal Women’s Education League
- Year: 1902
- Founder: Abala Bose
- Focus Area: Women’s education, social welfare.
- Activities & Achievements:
✅ Started schools and colleges for girls.
✅ Helped women who were in need.
📍 Bharat Mahila Parishad
- Year: 1905
- Founder: Ramabai Ranade
- Focus Area: Child, Women.
- Activities & Achievements:
✅ The women’s wing of the National Conference (part of Indian National Congress).
✅ Focused on child marriage, widow conditions, dowry, and other social customs.
📍 Bharat Stri Mandal; Calcutta
- Year: 1910
- Founder: Saralabala Devi Chaudhurani
- Focus Area: Women’s education and Emancipation.
- Activities & Achievements:
✅ One of the first major women's organizations in India.
✅ Focused on women’s education and empowerment.
📍 All India Muslim Women’s Conference
- Year: 1914
- Founder: Begum Jahanara Shahnawaz
- Focus Area: Women’s rights, education, welfare.
- Activities & Achievements:
✅ Focused on educating Muslim women and ensuring a better life for them.
📍 Women’s Volunteer Corps
- Year: 1916
- Founder: -
- Focus Area: Voluntary service, social welfare.
- Activities & Achievements:
✅ Focused on helping women in distress.
✅ Worked in emergencies and taught important life skills.
📍 Indian Women’s Association (IWA)
- Year: 1917
- Founder: Kamaladevi Chattopadhyay, Annie Besant, Muthulakshmi Reddy
- Focus Area: Women’s rights, social welfare.
- Activities & Achievements:
✅ Worked to help women and make society better.
✅ Focused on skill-building and financial independence for women.
📍 Madras Women’s Indian Association
- Year: 1917
- Founder: Anandibai Joshee, B. Ramachandra Rao
- Focus Area: Women’s education, welfare.
- Activities & Achievements:
✅ Aimed to improve women’s education and provide them with more rights.
📍 Women’s Indian Association (WIA)
- Year: 1917
- Founder: Annie Besant, Margaret Cousins
- Focus Area: Education, social reform.
- Activities & Achievements:
✅ Worked to help women gain equal rights.
✅ Started schools and fought against child marriage.
📍 National Council For Women
- Year: 1925
- Founder: Lady Aberdeen and Lady Meherbai Tata
- Focus Area: Religion, education, politics, philanthropy.
- Activities & Achievements:
✅ Formed under the International Council of Women.
✅ Focused on improving the rights and social status of women.
📍 All India Women’s Conference (AIWC)
- Year: 1927
- Founder: Margaret Cousins
- Focus Area: Women’s rights, education, welfare.
- Activities & Achievements:
✅ Worked for improving women’s health, education, and social status.
✅ Set up schools, colleges, and hostels for women.
📍 The Desh Sevika Sangh (National Women’s Volunteer Organisation)
- Year: 1930
- Founder: -
- Focus Area: Self-rule for Women.
- Activities & Achievements:
✅ Focused on eradicating liquor drinking and promoting Khaddar (hand-spun cloth).
✅ Helped women take part in the freedom movement.
#history #prelims
Join @CSE_EXAM
@Upsc_4_history
📍 The Ladies Society in Calcutta
- Year: 1882
- Founder: Swarnakumari Devi (sister of Rabindranath Tagore)
- Focus Area: Educating and imparting livelihood skills to widows.
- Activities & Achievements:
✅ She was the editor of the women's journal *Bharati* making her the first Indian woman editor.
✅ Educated widows and empowered them through skill development.
📍 Arya Mahila Samaj (Pune)
- Year: 1882
- Founder: Ramabai Saraswati
- Focus Area: Welfare & social work.
- Activities & Achievements:
✅ Provided education to women and fought against child marriage.
✅ Opened Sharada Sadan in Mumbai in 1889 for the education of child widows.
📍 Young Women’s Christian Association
- Year: 1896
- Founder: Ms. Alice M. Bethune
- Focus Area: Education, welfare, moral development.
- Activities & Achievements:
✅ Helped young Christian women.
✅ Taught them good values and leadership skills.
📍 Bengal Women’s Education League
- Year: 1902
- Founder: Abala Bose
- Focus Area: Women’s education, social welfare.
- Activities & Achievements:
✅ Started schools and colleges for girls.
✅ Helped women who were in need.
📍 Bharat Mahila Parishad
- Year: 1905
- Founder: Ramabai Ranade
- Focus Area: Child, Women.
- Activities & Achievements:
✅ The women’s wing of the National Conference (part of Indian National Congress).
✅ Focused on child marriage, widow conditions, dowry, and other social customs.
📍 Bharat Stri Mandal; Calcutta
- Year: 1910
- Founder: Saralabala Devi Chaudhurani
- Focus Area: Women’s education and Emancipation.
- Activities & Achievements:
✅ One of the first major women's organizations in India.
✅ Focused on women’s education and empowerment.
📍 All India Muslim Women’s Conference
- Year: 1914
- Founder: Begum Jahanara Shahnawaz
- Focus Area: Women’s rights, education, welfare.
- Activities & Achievements:
✅ Focused on educating Muslim women and ensuring a better life for them.
📍 Women’s Volunteer Corps
- Year: 1916
- Founder: -
- Focus Area: Voluntary service, social welfare.
- Activities & Achievements:
✅ Focused on helping women in distress.
✅ Worked in emergencies and taught important life skills.
📍 Indian Women’s Association (IWA)
- Year: 1917
- Founder: Kamaladevi Chattopadhyay, Annie Besant, Muthulakshmi Reddy
- Focus Area: Women’s rights, social welfare.
- Activities & Achievements:
✅ Worked to help women and make society better.
✅ Focused on skill-building and financial independence for women.
📍 Madras Women’s Indian Association
- Year: 1917
- Founder: Anandibai Joshee, B. Ramachandra Rao
- Focus Area: Women’s education, welfare.
- Activities & Achievements:
✅ Aimed to improve women’s education and provide them with more rights.
📍 Women’s Indian Association (WIA)
- Year: 1917
- Founder: Annie Besant, Margaret Cousins
- Focus Area: Education, social reform.
- Activities & Achievements:
✅ Worked to help women gain equal rights.
✅ Started schools and fought against child marriage.
📍 National Council For Women
- Year: 1925
- Founder: Lady Aberdeen and Lady Meherbai Tata
- Focus Area: Religion, education, politics, philanthropy.
- Activities & Achievements:
✅ Formed under the International Council of Women.
✅ Focused on improving the rights and social status of women.
📍 All India Women’s Conference (AIWC)
- Year: 1927
- Founder: Margaret Cousins
- Focus Area: Women’s rights, education, welfare.
- Activities & Achievements:
✅ Worked for improving women’s health, education, and social status.
✅ Set up schools, colleges, and hostels for women.
📍 The Desh Sevika Sangh (National Women’s Volunteer Organisation)
- Year: 1930
- Founder: -
- Focus Area: Self-rule for Women.
- Activities & Achievements:
✅ Focused on eradicating liquor drinking and promoting Khaddar (hand-spun cloth).
✅ Helped women take part in the freedom movement.
#history #prelims
Join @CSE_EXAM
@Upsc_4_history
1748608256_ASSISTANT_DIRECTOR_NOTIFICATION_2025_organized_1.pdf
5.5 MB
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There are 20 posts in total where 60% weightage is of CSE Marks, 20% of your achievements in sports and 20% of an interview
There are 20 posts in total where 60% weightage is of CSE Marks, 20% of your achievements in sports and 20% of an interview
#Goodmorning
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⏳81 days left CSM25 [ 22-08-25]
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⏳445 days left CSM26 [ 21-08-26]
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🔆 Key Takeaways: Overnutrition Crisis in Urban India
✅ Growing Crisis:
• Study shows 84% Hyderabad IT employees have fatty liver, 68% MAFLD, and 72% obesity due to excess salt/sugar, sedentary work, and disrupted sleep.
✅ Nutrition Paradox:
• Undernutrition persists while overnutrition rises rapidly; India ranks 2nd globally in overweight and obesity (2021).
✅ Link to NCDs:
• NCDs cause 74% of global deaths (2019), mostly in low/middle-income countries.
• India’s obesity fuels early onset of diabetes, heart, and liver diseases.
• Obesity increases with age and wealth (NFHS-5).
✅ Urban-Rural Disparity:
• Urban adults show higher NCD rates (e.g., Tamil Nadu: 46.1% urban obese vs 31.6% rural).
✅ Childhood Obesity:
• Projected 450 million obese adults by 2050; childhood obesity rose 244% in 20 years, set to rise further.
✅ Government Initiatives:
• FSSAI’s Health Star Rating and front-pack labelling.
• “Eat Right Challenge” and “8-km Health Walk” screened 3.79 million employees.
✅ International Best Practices:
• Saudi Arabia’s Vision 2030 includes calorie labelling, sugary drink taxes, trans fat elimination, and awareness programs.
✅ Need for Paradigm Shift:
• Regulate ads, label high-risk foods, and boost urban wellness.
• Fight obesity/NCDs with multisectoral, long-term strategies beyond medical care.
#health #nutrition #obesity #NCDs
✅ Growing Crisis:
• Study shows 84% Hyderabad IT employees have fatty liver, 68% MAFLD, and 72% obesity due to excess salt/sugar, sedentary work, and disrupted sleep.
✅ Nutrition Paradox:
• Undernutrition persists while overnutrition rises rapidly; India ranks 2nd globally in overweight and obesity (2021).
✅ Link to NCDs:
• NCDs cause 74% of global deaths (2019), mostly in low/middle-income countries.
• India’s obesity fuels early onset of diabetes, heart, and liver diseases.
• Obesity increases with age and wealth (NFHS-5).
✅ Urban-Rural Disparity:
• Urban adults show higher NCD rates (e.g., Tamil Nadu: 46.1% urban obese vs 31.6% rural).
✅ Childhood Obesity:
• Projected 450 million obese adults by 2050; childhood obesity rose 244% in 20 years, set to rise further.
✅ Government Initiatives:
• FSSAI’s Health Star Rating and front-pack labelling.
• “Eat Right Challenge” and “8-km Health Walk” screened 3.79 million employees.
✅ International Best Practices:
• Saudi Arabia’s Vision 2030 includes calorie labelling, sugary drink taxes, trans fat elimination, and awareness programs.
✅ Need for Paradigm Shift:
• Regulate ads, label high-risk foods, and boost urban wellness.
• Fight obesity/NCDs with multisectoral, long-term strategies beyond medical care.
#health #nutrition #obesity #NCDs
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🔆 Women & Gender Data Highlights
✅ Overall sex ratio = 1020 women for every 1000 men, sex ratios at birth abnormally low = 929/1000
✅ Increase in share of gender budget in total union budget to 6.5% in 2024
✅ Female Labour Force Participation Rate - 2023 = 37% (2018 = 23%), global average = 65%
✅ PMJDY - 55% account holders are women
✅ India ranked 129/146 in Global Gender Gap Index 2024, ranked behind neighbours like B’desh (99), China (106), Nepal (117), Sri Lanka (122), Bhutan (124)
✅ Women in India on average earn 70% of what men earn for the same job (globally = 80%)
✅ Women in Indian Parliament = 14.7% (lower than global avg of 27%)
✅ Literacy rate of women in India is 65% while that of men is 82%
✅ Women make up > 40% of STEM graduates but constitue < 15% of STEM professionals employed in R&D institutions
✅ More than 90% of women are involved in unpaid domestic services for household members (men = 27%)
✅ 57% of the women aged 15-49 are anaemic
✅ 74.10% of married women have their demand for family planning met by any modern method
✅ 210 among every 1,000 persons in managerial positions are women
✅ 55.63% Pradhan Mantri Jan Dhan accounts held by women
#GS1
#mains #society #social_issue
Join @CSE_EXAM
@UPSC_FACTS
✅ Overall sex ratio = 1020 women for every 1000 men, sex ratios at birth abnormally low = 929/1000
✅ Increase in share of gender budget in total union budget to 6.5% in 2024
✅ Female Labour Force Participation Rate - 2023 = 37% (2018 = 23%), global average = 65%
✅ PMJDY - 55% account holders are women
✅ India ranked 129/146 in Global Gender Gap Index 2024, ranked behind neighbours like B’desh (99), China (106), Nepal (117), Sri Lanka (122), Bhutan (124)
✅ Women in India on average earn 70% of what men earn for the same job (globally = 80%)
✅ Women in Indian Parliament = 14.7% (lower than global avg of 27%)
✅ Literacy rate of women in India is 65% while that of men is 82%
✅ Women make up > 40% of STEM graduates but constitue < 15% of STEM professionals employed in R&D institutions
✅ More than 90% of women are involved in unpaid domestic services for household members (men = 27%)
✅ 57% of the women aged 15-49 are anaemic
✅ 74.10% of married women have their demand for family planning met by any modern method
✅ 210 among every 1,000 persons in managerial positions are women
✅ 55.63% Pradhan Mantri Jan Dhan accounts held by women
#GS1
#mains #society #social_issue
Join @CSE_EXAM
@UPSC_FACTS